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The atmosphere of Earth, commonly known as air, is the layer of gases retained by Earth's gravity that surrounds the planet and forms its planetary atmosphereThe atmosphere of Earth protects life on Earth by creating pressure allowing for liquid water to exist on the Earth's surface, absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface through heat retention (greenhouse effect), andMain article The natural atmosphere is composed of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 09% argon, and only about 01% natural greenhouse gases Although a small amount, these greenhouse gases make a big difference they are the gases that allow the greenhouse effect to exist by trapping in some heat that would otherwise escape to spaceWater cycle diagram "A greenhouse gas (sometimes abbreviated GHG) is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone
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Diagram greenhouse gases in the atmosphere-How do increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere lead to warmer temperatures? If enough moisture is present to condense and heat the cloud mass through several convective cycles, a tower can rise to altitudes of approximately 10 kilometers at high latitudes and to kilometers in the tropics before encountering a region of the atmosphere known as the tropopause—the boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere The tropopause is



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Greenhouse gas, any gas that has the property of absorbing infrared radiation (net heat energy) emitted from Earth's surface and reradiating it back to Earth's surface, thus contributing to the greenhouse effect Carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapour are the most important greenhouse gases (To a lesser extent, surfacelevel ozone, nitrous oxides, and fluorinatedHow the greenhouse effect works It's thought that the buildup of greenhouse gases impacts on global temperature in two ways The gases allow more of the sun's rays to enter the atmosphereCO is identified as an important indirect greenhouse gas An addition of CO to the atmosphere perturbs the OHCH 4O 3 chemistry Model calculations indicate that the emission of 100 Mt of CO stimulates an atmospheric chemistry perturbation that is equivalent to direct emission of about 5 Mt of CH 4 A major conclusion of this report is that atmospheric abundances of almost all
Like other gases in the atmosphere, including oxygen and nitrogen, greenhouse gases are largely transparent to incoming sunlight But unlike those gases, greenhouse gases are not transparent to outgoing heat (longwave infrared radiation), which radiates from the sunwarmed surface of Earth day and night Some heat escapes freely to space, but some is absorbed byThey are removed from theWhen fossil fuels are burned by industry, in power stations and by vehicles and planes gases (as unwanted byproducts known as carbon emissions) enter the atmosphere Carbon dioxide (CO 2), in
Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, including water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, absorb heat energy and emit it in all directions (including downwards), keeping Earth's surface and lower atmosphere warm Adding more greenhouse gases to the atmosphere enhances the effect, making Earth's surface and lower atmosphere even warmer Image basedGreenhouse gases absorb and reemit radiant heat energy from the sun They hold onto that heat energy for a much longer period of time than do other atmospheric gases Water vapor is the Earth's most important natural greenhouse gas Water vapor and clouds cause most of the Carbon dioxide (CO 2) is an important heattrapping (greenhouse) gas, which is released through human activities such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels, as well as natural processes such as respiration and volcanic eruptionsThe first graph shows atmospheric CO 2 levels measured at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, in recent years, with average seasonal cycle



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Methane, by contrast, is mostly removed from the atmosphere by chemical reaction, persisting for about 12 years Thus although methane is a potent greenhouse gas, its effect is relatively shortlived The carbon cycle's sinks and sources help to regulate the amount of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere Greenhouse Gases Besides CO 2 there are other greenhouse gases These include water vapor, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone Without any greenhouse gases, Earth would be an icy wasteland Greenhouse gases keep our planet livable by holding ontoFluorinated gases are emitted in smaller quantities than the other greenhouse gases, but what they lack in volume they can make up in potency and long lifespans in the atmosphere, ranging from 1270 years for HFCs to ,000 years for PFCs and about 3,0 years for SF6 Once emitted into the atmosphere, they disperse widely around the globe;



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All of these human activities add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, trapping more heat than usual and contributing to global warming Effects of Global Warming Even slight rises in average global temperatures can have huge effects Perhaps the biggest, most obvious effect is that glaciers and ice caps melt faster than usual The meltwater drains into the oceans, causing sea The greenhouse effect happens when certain gases, which are known as greenhouse gases, accumulate in Earth's atmosphereGreenhouse gases include carbon dioxide (CO 2), methane (CH 4), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), ozone (O 3), and fluorinated gases Greenhouse gases allow the sun's light to shine onto Earth's surface, and then the gases, such as ozone,The diagram gives more details about this process How the greenhouse effect works electromagnetic radiation at most wavelengths passes through the Earth's atmosphere



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The natural greenhouse effect is a phenomenon caused by gases naturally present in the atmosphere that affect the behaviour of the heat energy radiated by the sun In simple terms, sunlight (shortwave radiation) passes through the atmosphere, and is absorbed by Earth's surface This warms Earth's surface, and then Earth radiates some of this energy (as infrared, or Greenhouse gases from human activities are the most significant driver of observed climate change since the mid th century 1 The indicators in this chapter characterize emissions of the major greenhouse gases resulting from human activities, the concentrations of these gases in the atmosphere, and how emissions and concentrations have changed over timeGreenhouse effect, a warming of Earth's surface and troposphere (the lowest layer of the atmosphere) caused by the presence of water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, and certain other gases in the air Of those gases, known as greenhouse gases, water vapour has the largest effect The origins of the term greenhouse effect are unclear French mathematician Joseph



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A diagram, answer opinion questions, and perform a skit to understand Earth's energy balance Students will learn that most of the energy on Earth originates from the sun They will also learn what happens to the energy once it reaches Earth's atmosphere Students will be introduced to the concept of greenhouse gases The activity will close with a discussion of natural vs humanMuch like the glass of a greenhouse, gases in Earth's atmosphere sustain life by trapping the sun's heat These "greenhouse gases" allow the sun's rays to pass through and warm the planet but prevent this warmth from escaping the atmosphere into space Without them, Earth would be too cold to sustain life as we know it When we talk about greenhouse gases, we're referring toThe atmosphere protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface through heat retention (greenhouse effect), and reducing temperature extremes between day and night (the diurnal temperature variation) The common name given to the atmospheric gases used in breathing and photosynthesis is air By volume, dry air contains 7809% nitrogen, 95%



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Main Greenhouse Gases Multiple gases contribute to the greenhouse effect that sets Earth's temperature over geologic time Small changes in the atmospheric concentration of these gases can lead to changes in temperature that make the difference between ice ages when mastodons roamed the Earth, and the sweltering heat in which the dinosaurs livedGreenhouse gases have very different warming effects one tonne of methane does not have the same impact on warming as one tonne of CO 2Carbon dioxide equivalents (CO 2 e) attempt to convert the warming impact of the range of greenhouse gases into a single metric This is done by multiplying each gas by its 100year 'global warming potential' value the amount of warming oneGreenhouse Gases The three most common types of greenhouse gases are Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) Carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal), solid waste, trees and wood products, and as a result of other chemical reactions such as making cementCarbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere and stored when it is absorbed



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Greenhouse gases come from all sorts of everyday activities, such as using electricity, heating our homes, and driving around town The graph to the right shows which activities produce the most greenhouse gases in the United States These greenhouse gases don't just stay in one place after they're added to the atmosphere As air moves aroundGreenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which leads to changes in climate These changes are affecting many human activities, including agriculture GrEENHOUSE GAS BASICS warming in some places – in the Arctic, for example – is much greater than in others Local changes include shifts in the patterns and severity of rainfall and snowfall, droughts, cloudiness, humidity, and When the concentration of socalled greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, Methane, NOx, etc) is increased, the percentage of infrared radiation which is beeing transmitted through the atmosphere is reduced or in other words When the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is increased, more infrared radiation is reflected back to the Earth by the



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The diagram outlines how the greenhouse effect works Sunlight passes through the Earth's atmosphere The ground warms up and heat is emitted from the Earth's surface"A greenhouse gas (sometimes abbreviated GHG) is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone Greenhouse gases greatly affect theThe greenhouse effect is a warming of the earth's surface and lower atmosphere caused by substances such as carbon dioxide and water vapour which let the sun's energy through to the ground but impede the passage of energy from the earth back into space A simplified diagram illustrating the greenhouse effect (based on a figure in the 07 IPCC



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Some of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are caused by humans Whenever we burn anything, such as— gasoline in our cars and trucks, jet fuel in our planes, coal in our factories or powerplants, trees to clear the land for farming —we pollute our atmosphere with carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide Although carbon monoxide does not act as a greenhouse That's exactly how greenhouse gases act They let sunlight pass through the atmosphere, but they prevent the heat that the sunlight brings from leaving the atmosphere Overall, greenhouse gases are a good thing Without them, our planet would be too cold, and life as we know it would not exist But there can be too much of a good thing Scientists are worried Greenhouse Gases Methane, Carbon Dioxide Share of Global GHG Emissions 3% A man scavenges for waste to recycle at a garbage dump in Linfen, China Landfill sites like this produce greenhouse gases because rotting organic waste like food waste emits methane which warms the atmosphere unless it is captured Advanced industrialsed countries



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The 'greenhouse effect' is the warming of climate that results when the atmosphere traps heat radiating from Earth toward space Certain gases in the atmosphere resemble glass in a greenhouse, allowing sunlight to pass into the 'greenhouse,' but blocking Earth's heat from escaping into space The gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect include water vapor,The effect of greenhouse gases There are five gases of human origin that contribute most – together up to 95% of the total – to the increase in global warming Here you will discover the source of their emission, the time they spend in the atmosphere and what percentage they contribute to the greenhouse effectImportant Greenhouse Gases (concentrations in parts per million volume) water vapor 0140,000 carbon dioxide 370 methane 17 nitrous oxide 03 ozone 001 chlorofluorocarbons ~ A greenhouse gas is defined as a gas that absorbs significantly the radiation emitted by the Earth and its atmosphere (Infrared, IR, or longwave radiation)



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The greenhouse effect is the way in which heat is trapped close to Earth's surface by "greenhouse gases" These heattrapping gases can be thought of as a blanket wrapped around Earth, keeping the planet toastier than it would be without them Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides Scientists have determined that carbon dioxide's warmingThe diagram gives more details about this process, called the greenhouse effect How the greenhouse effect works Electromagnetic radiation at most wavelengths passes through the Earth's atmosphere"A greenhouse gas (sometimes abbreviated GHG) is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone Greenhouse gases greatly affect the



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